🕒 More Tenses & Continuous Forms

6. Future with “Will”

Use: Spontaneous decisions, predictions, and promises.

• Affirmative: Subject + will + Verb (base form)
• Negative: Subject + will not (won’t) + Verb (base form)
• Question: Will + Subject + Verb (base form)?

Examples:

• I think it will rain tomorrow. (Prediction)
• I will help you with those bags. (Decision)
• Will you marry me?

7. Past Continuous

Use: Actions that were in progress at a specific moment in the past (often interrupted).

• Affirmative: Subject + was / were + Verb-ing
• Negative: Subject + was / were + not + Verb-ing
• Question: Was / Were + Subject + Verb-ing?

Examples:

• I was sleeping when you called.
• They were not paying attention during class.
• What were you doing at 8:00 PM last night?

8. Present Perfect Continuous

Use: Actions that started in the past and are still continuing now, or have just finished with a result.

• Affirmative: Subject + have / has + been + Verb-ing
• Negative: Subject + have / has + not + been + Verb-ing
• Question: Have / Has + Subject + been + Verb-ing?

Examples:

• I have been waiting for two hours!
• She has not been feeling well lately.
• Have you been working in the garden?

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🛠️ Modal Verbs (Auxiliaries)

Modal verbs are special because they never change form (no -s, -ed, or -ing) and are always followed by the base form of the verb.

1. Could

Use: Past ability or polite requests/possibilities.

• I could swim when I was five.
• Could you pass the salt, please?

2. Should

Use: Giving advice or suggestions.

• You should see a doctor for that cough.
• We shouldn’t arrive late to the meeting.

3. Would

Use: Imaginary situations (Conditionals) or polite offers/requests.

• I would travel the world if I were rich.
• Would you like some coffee?

4. Have to (Semi-modal)

Use: Strong obligation or necessity (Rules/Laws).

• Note: Unlike other modals, this one does change for the subject (has to).
• I have to wear a uniform for work.
• She has to finish the report by Friday.

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📊 Quick Grammar Summary for Students

Structure	Key Formula	Main “Vibe”
Will	will + verb	Future (unplanned/predictions)
Past Continuous	was/were + -ing	“Background” actions in the past
Pres. Perf. Cont.	have been + -ing	Duration (How long?)
Could	could + verb	Past ability / Polite request
Should	should + verb	Advice
Would	would + verb	“What if?” / Polite offer
Have to	have/has to + verb	Necessity / Rules